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Some material from Baking ingredients guide, substitutions, from Food Network, a site that explains the different types of flour, sugar, baking powder vs soda, yeast, and other essentials.
You have this but you need that.
You have skim milk. You like 1%, 2%, or whole milk. What can you do?
From Epicurious:
Start with the cream or half-and-half (pick one) in a measuring cup. Top with skim milk to 1 cup.
| To get | Add this much heavy cream | Add this much half & half |
|---|---|---|
| 1% Milk | 1.5t | 2T |
| 2% Milk | 1T | 3T |
| Whole milk | 2T | 4T |
| light cream | 9T |
Where 1.5t means 1 1/2 teaspoons, 2T means 2 tablespoons
From Thought Company
You have regular milk and you want to have buttermilk for baking. Buttermilk is more acidic than regular milk, so it reacts with baking soda or baking power, releasing carbon dioxide bubbles.
You can use any kind of milk, whole, 25, 1%, or skim.
How do to this choose one:
There are other ways on the linked Thought Company page including using yogurt, sour cream, and cream of tartar.
From Live Strong, skim milk can serve as a whole-milk substitute in baking recipes. You can substitute 1 cup of whole milk by 1 cup skim milk plus 1T liquid vegetable oil in recipes.
citation above.
| Baking Powder (double-acting) | 1 teaspoon = 1/2 teaspoon cream of tartar + 1/4 teaspoon baking soda |
| Baking Soda | 1/4 teaspoon = 1 teaspoon baking powder (any acidic ingredients in the recipe will have a more assertive, tangier flavor) |
| Buttermilk | 1 cup = 1 cup yogurt (not Greek) or 1 cup milk + 1 tablespoon vinegar or lemon juice; let the mixture sit until curdled before using, about 10 minutes |
| Cake Flour | 1 cup = 1 cup - 2 tablespoons all-purpose flour + 2 tablespoons cornstarch |
| Self-Rising Flour | 1 cup = 1 cup all-purpose flour + 1 1/2 teaspoons baking powder + 1/4 teaspoon salt |
| Cream of Tartar | large pinch to 1/4 teaspoon = 1/2 teaspoon lemon juice |
| Dutch Process Cocoa Powder | 1/2 cup = 1/2 cup natural cocoa + replace the baking powder in the recipe with half the amount of baking soda |
| Natural Cocoa Powder | 1/2 cup = 1/2 cup Dutch process cocoa + replace the baking soda in the recipe with twice the amount of baking powder |
| Eggs | 1 egg = 3 tablespoons mayonnaise or 1 tablespoon ground flaxseed + 3 tablespoons water; let sit 5 minutes before using. Exception: Do not substitute for any recipe that uses whipped egg whites. |
| Half-and-Half | 1 cup = 1/2 cup whole milk + 1/2 cup heavy cream |
| Heavy Cream | 1 cup = 1 cup whole milk + 1 tablespoon melted butter |
| Pumpkin Pie Spice | 1 teaspoon = 1/2 teaspoon ground cinnamon + 1/4 teaspoon ground ginger + 1/8 teaspoon ground clove + 1/8 teaspoon freshly grated nutmeg |
| Iodized Salt | 1/2 teaspoon = 3/4 teaspoon kosher salt |
| Kosher Salt | 1/2 teaspoon = 1/4 teaspoon iodized salt |
| Semisweet Chocolate | 1 ounce = 3 tablespoons cocoa powder + 3 tablespoons granulated sugar + 1 tablespoon oil or melted butter |
| Dark Brown Sugar | 1 cup = 1 cup granulated sugar + 2 tablespoons molasses or 1 cup light brown sugar |
| Light Brown Sugar | 1 cup = 1 cup granulated sugar + 1 tablespoon molasses or 1 cup dark brown sugar |
| Lemon Juice | 1 teaspoon = 1/2 teaspoon apple cider vinegar |
| Sour Cream | 1 cup = 1 cup plain yogurt |
| Vanilla Extract | 1 teaspoon = 1 teaspoon bourbon or rum |
| Whole Milk | 1 cup = 1 cup skim or low-fat milk + 2 tablespoons melted butter |
| Yogurt | 1 cup = 1 cup sour cream |
The following taken from Webspoon World "10 Brilliant Budget Ideas"
Use a mostly-empty Nutella jar. You need cream and a frother (or small mixer that will fit in the jar)
Enjoy!
Use a silicon ice-cube tray
For 1-2 pounds frozen meat (chicken was shown but should work with red meats)